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--- computers:ubuntu_workstation_basic_setup [2015/03/06 11:47] – chkuo
+++ computers:ubuntu_workstation_basic_setup [2024/09/11 12:08] (current) – chkuo
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-===== Ubuntu Workstation Basic Setup =====
+====== Workstation ======
+  * Ubuntu workstation basic setup
-==== BIOS ====
+===== BIOS =====
   * before installing Ubuntu, power on the workstation, enter the BIOS setting, and update the boot setting. CD/DVD-ROM should be listed as the 1st choice, following by the hard drive for Ubuntu installation
+===== Ubuntu =====
+   * Use the latest long-term support (LTS) version
+   * Install the system on the smaller/faster SSD; use the larger/slower HDD for '/backup' and/or '/scratch'
-==== v14.04 (2015/01/07) ====
+===== SSH =====
-   * Basic installation
+  * Install the OpenSSH server
-     * Put the Ubuntu14.04 DVD into the DVD-drive.
+    * The OpenSSH client is installed by default (so you can ssh into other computers). The OpenSSH server is required for connection into this machine (e.g., auto backup from the lab server). Use ''sudo apt-get install openssh-server'' to install.
-     * Restart the computer and boot the computer through that DVD.
+  * SSH security
-     * Follow the instruction to install Ubuntu.
+     * Once the OpenSSH server is installed, it is important to increase the security
-     * hard drive partition:
+     * see more info here: [[computers:ssh_security|SSH security]]
-       * use the SSD as the primary hard drive
+     * Minimally, update the ''/etc/hosts.deny'' and ''/etc/hosts.allow'' files to allow only the IPs that should have access
-         * SWAP >= the size of RAM
+     * Install Fail2ban: ''sudo apt-get install fail2ban''
-         * the remaining part could be mounted as root ('/') and used for OS installation
-       * the larger/slower hard drive could be mounted as '/backup'
+===== Network =====
-  * Network
     * The system administrator requires the HWaddr of the Network Interface Controller (NIC) to add the new machine to the DHCP server.
     * In Terminal, type "ifconfig" to get the HWaddr of eth0 (format = XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX). Write down this string and send it to the administrator.
     * After the DHCP server setting has been updated, restart the computer to obtain the correct intranet IP.
     * Note: this only has to be done once (no need for re-installation unless the Network Interface Controller has been changed)
-  * Additional steps
-     * Install the OpenSSH server
-       * The OpenSSH client is installed by default (so you can ssh into other computers). If you want connect to this new machine from other machines (e.g., other workstations, lab server, home computer), the OpenSSH server package is required.
-       * sudo apt-get install openssh-server
 ===== Nvidia drivers =====
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
   * Take Quadro 600 for example, the driver version is 340.65
-Remove old version
+==== Remove old version ====
   * For example, remove version 331
 <code>
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 $ sudo apt-get install nvidia-340
 </code>
-Change nvidia settings
+==== Change nvidia settings ====
   * [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/en/man1/nvidia-xconfig.1.html|nvidia-xconfig]]
   * [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man1/alt-nvidia-current-settings.1.html|nvidia-settings]]
 ===== Java =====
@@ Line 69: / Line 71: @@
 <code>
 $ java -version
+</code>
+Check installed java
+<code>
+$ update-java-alternatives -l
 </code>
 Switch between Oracle Java 8 and Java 7
@@ Line 77: / Line 83: @@
 ===== Mount disk =====
+If necessary, create a new partition and format the new disk
 <code>
-# Find path to new disk
+$ sudo fdisk /dev/device_name
+$ lsblk
+$ mkfs -t ext4 /dev/device_name
+</code>
+To mount a disk manually
+<code>
+# Find path to disk
 $ sudo fdisk -l
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
@@ Line 89: / Line 103: @@
 </code>
+To mount a disk automatically during start-up, find the UUID using ''blkid'' and add the disk to ''/etc/fstab''
+<code>
+$ sudo blkid -s UUID
+/dev/sda1: UUID="2cf0b317-a030-4cb4-a78a-4f4893ac16d1"
+/dev/sdb1: UUID="f5d3494d-2d43-485f-97e8-2f9b1b967d90"
+/dev/sdb2: UUID="ce1496b4-bb74-4861-b2bb-ef8e6405a905"
+$ cat /etc/fstab
+# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
+#
+# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
+# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
+# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
+#
+# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
+# / was on /dev/sdb2 during installation
+UUID=ce1496b4-bb74-4861-b2bb-ef8e6405a905 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
+# /backup was on /dev/sda1 during installation
+UUID=2cf0b317-a030-4cb4-a78a-4f4893ac16d1 /backup         ext4    defaults        0       2
+# swap was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
+UUID=f5d3494d-2d43-485f-97e8-2f9b1b967d90 none            swap    sw              0       0
+</code>